> I have seen several infrared receiver circuits were the anode is connected to the negative rail and cathode connected towards the positive rail. > What am I missing here? The transistor polarity is normal. The transistor functions as an emitter follower with a gain of (essentially) 1. This acts as a buffer for the photodiode so it "sees" a high impedance load. The output is lower impedance than the diode by itself (but not very low). The 47uF and 10k act as a filter to remove power supply noise. RM -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu