At 02:18 AM 2/22/2004 +1300, you wrote: >Again, whether the transistor survived depends on the value of R and >transistor reverse bias base current rating. Beyond survival (easy to predict from the maximum power dissipation, current and breakdown voltage-typically around 6-7 V), allowing the E-B junction to break down with significant current has negative implications if you ever want to use the part as a transistor again (beta degradation). Useful in some situations, but generally bad juju. Best regards, Spehro Pefhany --"it's the network..." "The Journey is the reward" speff@interlog.com Info for manufacturers: http://www.trexon.com Embedded software/hardware/analog Info for designers: http://www.speff.com -- http://www.piclist.com hint: PICList Posts must start with ONE topic: [PIC]:,[SX]:,[AVR]: ->uP ONLY! [EE]:,[OT]: ->Other [BUY]:,[AD]: ->Ads