someone said: >The normal "improvement" is a pulsed supply that provide full voltage >for a varying period - ie PWM. The theory is that high resistance >contacs such as tracks to wheel, engine brushes/comms (if still used) >switch contacts etc are broken down by the application of full voltage. "the theory" is actually that torque in a DC motor is proportional to the applied voltage regardless of RPM. -- rob -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.