The design of band-gap reference circuits - trials & tribulations. Bob Pease. Aimed more at IC designers BUT of value to people wanting to use references and understand them a little. http://manuales.elo.utfsm.cl/datasheet/national/htm/nsc03420.htm http://www.national.com/rap/Application/0,1570,24,00.html Both the same paper but the first has more references attached. MAY even be of value to someone wanting to implement their own on the cheap :-) Reference ICs are dear! You can but a bottom end microcontroller for less than a reference circuit good enough to give you 10 to 12 bits accuracy. . -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.