Rant about useless internal voltage references. I originally titled this :Useless internal voltage references" but decided to change it. I'm interested in using a processor with (at least) 10 bit analog to digital converter accuracy. Most with internal A/D have band gap references. These have broad nominal voltage specs compared with the accuracy of the converter. eg 1.11 / 1.23 / 1.34 min/typical/max or about +_/- 10%. OK - maybe we can calibrate this initially. How good is it over temperature and voltage. Let's check the data sheet. Nope. No information whatsoever. It's hardly worth providing a +/- 10% reference with absolutely no information on its characteristics. One may well be better off dividing down and smoothing Vdd ! Looks like an external reference is liable to be essential. OK, I knew that anyway, but you'd think you'd get some help from the makers. What are other people doing? Are there a whole world of people out there using 10 bit A/Ds with a 10% uncharacterised reference ? ;-) Russell McMahon -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu