At 08:08 PM 9/16/2003 -0500, you wrote: >>Does anyone have any idea how much power you could tap from >>the line without causing it to go off hook? >very little. > >this page will help you a lot. >http://www.ce-mag.com/99ARG/Gubish233.html There was a book published, I think, by DEC, on telecom theory. In it was explained the development of the modern (in the US since way back... around 1900??? someone correct the date if you know it) phone system using automated connection equipment. Paraphrasing from my poor memory, the story went like this. In the United States midwest area - Missouri? - there was a small town with two undertakers. One of them always seemed to get more business than the other. The smaller one was owned by a person named Strowger. Strowger looked into the situation and found that the wife of the other undertaker happened to be the town telephone operator. When someone would call the operator and ask for the undertaker, she would invariably put the call through to her husbands business. Strowger thought about this and realized that his business was being cut short due to this method. Strowger thought a little bit further and realized that the phone was here to stay and that the ramifications were plentiful. He decided to put the "operator" out of business. He came up with a design for an automated dialing system with a motor-relay-switch gizmo that would automatically connect you to the phone number you wanted and the operator would not be needed. He patented his design successfully. The rest is history. Of course, someone else would have done it if he had not but he *is* the one who did it. Ok, I'll stop now. Tom ps the company I worked for when I read this book (to learn about modems and such) made flowmeters that were used in sewers to measure wastewater flow rates. They put a modem in one and connected phone lines to it and could then get the data out of it by dialing it directly. One problem remained - how to deal with batteries that run down. They got the 'bright' idea to call it all night long and have it not answer, thereby using the 100+ volt ring signal to charge the batteries. The charge circuit had to take no more power than the usual telephone ringer of the time. It's all history now from over 20 years ago but fun to look back on. -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.