Wouter van Ooijen wrote: > IIRC Peltier devices are heat pumps? If so their action is inherently > slow due to thermal inertia, so you can PWM at a *very* low frequency, > like N seconds on each minute. Easy in software, and would probably > avoid the inefficiency Olin mentions. The one I bought came with a warning NOT to use PWM under 2kHz, apparently that produces too much thermal stress. Very low frequencies (like you mentioned) may be ok and are used in some cheap car fridges, but a slowly ramping PWM at higher than 2kHz will give the longest life, possibly run from a nicely filtered buck converter even better still always providing DC to the device. -Roman -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu