Another consideration to look is reverse polarity. A series diode will protect you against it. So will a cleverly-designed battery holder. However, any choices you make really depend on the final product, the quantity you expect to make, how reliable you need it to be, and how much money you can throw at it. This issue has been beat to death recently, perhaps you should also check the archives at google groups. Cheers, Bob -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.