Can we compare the respective rates at which this occurs
(the vertical versus the horizontal) in effect termed
"Ocean overturning"? (We have a similar term when local
lakes are said to 'turn' or turn over'.)

http://www.baillod.com/messages/345.html

I would put the rate at *much* better than 10:1 (horz movement
to vert movement ) - then there is the consideration for
what is the effective rate for deeper ocean depths and
different areas of the oceans where wind is mild/perhaps
absent (since he mentions this effect: "... [flow] is
induced by the wind acting on the sea surface ...").

RF Jim

----- Original Message -----
From: "Mike Singer" <msinger@POLUOSTROV.NET>
To: <PICLIST@MITVMA.MIT.EDU>
Sent: Sunday, December 08, 2002 8:52 AM
Subject: Re: [OT]: Arctic to lose all summer ice by 2100


  < snip >

>
> From
> G o o g l e's cache of
> http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/dees/ees/climate/lectures/o_circ.html
> ---------------------------------------
>    Ocean overturning, product of buoyancy exchange with the
> atmosphere, form specific water masses which spread at depth
> throughout the ocean. The thermohaline circulation engages
> the full volume of the ocean into the climate system, by allowing
> all of the ocean water to 'meet' and interact directly the atmosphere,
> that is to exchange heat and freshwater with the atmosphere.
> .
> .
>    The ocean circulation includes flow in the horizontal, such as
> flow along the sea surface, and flow in the vertical that overturns
> the ocean, engaging the cold deep interior in the climate system,
> by coupling it to the atmosphere. The ocean circulation, both
> horizontal and vertical is induced by the wind acting on the sea
> surface and by buoyancy fluxes between the ocean and
> atmosphere. The buoyancy forces are capable of inducing
> overturning that reach from the sea surface to the sea floor.
> -------------------------------------------
>
> Text by Dr Arnold Gordon, 2000.
> (He is known as great physical oceanographer)
>
> -------------------------------------------
>
>    Mike.
>

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