There were a variety of small character sets developed for the assorted machines that had native graphics capability rather than native text capability, not to mention the "well known" limits you ran into when using a TV/RF-modulator or standard video monitor for display (ie 320 to 640 or fewer dots per row.) (Remember when "video monitors" were difficult to find and expensive, and the high resolution monitors you'd need for 80-column text were "impossible"? Damn, I feel old...) Amoung them: KIM with Video (a Don Lancaster hack, IIRC), Cosmac Elf, Apple II, etc, etc... BillW -- http://www.piclist.com hint: PICList Posts must start with ONE topic: [PIC]:,[SX]:,[AVR]: ->uP ONLY! [EE]:,[OT]: ->Other [BUY]:,[AD]: ->Ads