I have two groups, one that puts out 5.5V at 500mA, and one that puts out 5.3 at 500mA. My problem is this: since they are really close to 5V, I can't use a 7805 on them. Would a SMPS be voltage stable by definition? Yes, an SMPS would be voltage stable (over some range of output current) by definition. Are your numbers their rated output, or is that what you're measuring? I'm thinking that 5.5 and 5.3V are "odd" votages, and perhaps you're just not loading the supplies sufficiently to get into full regulation. (SMPS require some relatively significanr load before they become fully regulated.) Do I need try regulation, or would a regular diode or two to drop voltage be enough? A single silicon diode (in series with V+ lead) should be enough. You'll get .6V or so of voltage drop, bringing the outputs well within the range that PICS can tolerate. Since the input is regulated, the output is also effectively regulated. Should I use a 5.1V zener instead? No, you'd have to do some circuit design to use a zener, since it's a "shunt" regulator (connected in parallel with the supply) and needs current limitting as well. BillW -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.