any good VTVM or high impedance meter would have shown the full voltage, however an old circuit powered meter is a low impedance device. Hmm. A raw circuit-powered analog meter is a "low impedance device" compared to a modern digital voltmeter, but I'll bet most are still rather high-impedance compared to a string of 14V light bulbs, so you'll probably still read pretty close to 240V at your "missing bulb" location. IIRC, my last analog meter had an impedence of about 10k ohms (or was that 10k ohms/volt of range?) BillW -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu