This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0173_01C2805A.41CD9800 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Comments within: ----- Original Message ----- From: "Dave Tweed" To: Sent: Wednesday, October 30, 2002 2:18 PM Subject: Re: [EE]: Power supply rework > Jim wrote: > > "I guess I was a little too subtle. The circuit will > > flat-out not work," > > > > The way he originally drew the circuit the Base-emitter junctions are in > > series to R3 (his 10K adjustment pot). His original circuit would still > > work - the Vbe drop would have simply appeared in series with the drop > > through R3 as the 317 tried to reach it's rated output voltage between > > it's output and the 3rd (Adj) terminal. > > But you're ignoring the current gain of the transistor, which introduces a > huge amount of positive feedback, completely swamping the negative feedback Fortunately - we're dealing with transistors in the "Emitter Follower configuration" here (whose voltage gain is less than one) and therefore rather harmless (the dangers being when they happen to upset DC bias conditions that we need or want at some point in order to make the circuit work) ... > that normally regulates the output voltage. > > The LM317 is designed to operate with zero impedance between its OUT > terminal and the load. 1) Where do you get that? 2) The application of ANY kind of load suddenly presents a complex load NOT comprised of any given or assumed impedance ... If you are thinking that the "output pin" must be connected to the load in order for the 317 to regulate at it's rated spec - you would be right (see the attached functional block diagram for reference) ... BUT that does not preclude anyone from using it as a 'power zerer' to drive an NPN transistor (or two) for a simple series-regulator power supply ... > terminal and the load. If you call the top half of the adjustment pot R1 > and the bottom half R2 (following National's notation), any resistance > between OUT and load is effectively multiplied by the factor 1 + R2/R1. > > Also, the voltage across R1 is now only 0.5 to 0.6 V, so the R2:R1 ratio is > about 50:1. Even if the effective resistance of the BE junctions and the > ballast resistors is on the order of 1 ohm, the power supply will exhibit a > source resistance on the order of 50 ohms, divided by the current gain of > the pass transistors. Now you're beginning to see the light ... > the pass transistors. If the latter is on the order of 20-50, we're left > with an overall value of 1-2 ohms. > > With a load that can go up to 10A, this gives a voltage drop of 10-20V (out > of 28). I think we can safely say that this circuit is NOT regulating the > voltage. I think the load current is going to be in 10A range max (that would be on the order of 280 watts of DC input power to Dale's rig when operated at full tilt for 120W out - somewhat close to what these HF radios seem to require), > > The above discussion assumes that the Vbe of the transistors is more or > less constant, but I see from the data sheet that it can rise as high as > 1.5V (at a collector current of 10A), completely swamping the output of the > LM317. > I didn't perform a full DC analysis - Dale didn't supply an 'EO' for that! (An EO is what TI used to call an 'engineering order' and represented a 'charge number' against which time and materials could be billed.) > Note also that an LM317 by itself exhibits a source resistance on the order > of 0.01 ohm. > > > I would add a resistor between the output of the 317 and it's 3rd > > (reference) terminal - yielding a simple 'series' regulator (comprised of > > the two pass transistors) using the 'usual' zener-to-ground circuit > > (effectively a 28 volt zener if the resistors are chosen correctly for > > the 317). > > Yes, if you also break the feedback path from the NPN emitters. Now you > simply have a regulated voltage source with an emitter follower for current > gain. The output voltage variation from no load to full load should be less > than about 2V, almost all of it due to the ballast resistors (assuming 0.33 > ohms for each emitter). > > I still say it would be better to use the circuit given in the app note. Probably ... there are several other designs I would go with (that would also incorporate some fold-back current limiting as well!). I was looking at circuit in the data sheet, the one using the LM195's in parallel (that you brought up) and also the one which shows adding an LM301A that incorporates an adjustable current limit (on page 14 of the app note). (That -8V negative voltage could be ignored and instead just tie that pin of the LM301A to ground since Dale is goint to set this thing up for 28 some volts out.) For reference: AN-182: Application Note 182 Improving Power Supply Reliability with IC Power Regulators http://www1.national.com/an/AN/AN-182.pdf Applications for an Adjustable IC Power Regulator (AN-178): http://www.aet.cup.edu/ftp/eet/datasheets/National_Semiconductor_Application _Notes/an-178.pdf 117 regulator data sheet: http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM117.pdf DC Jim > > > (I can see wher at low output currents the output voltage might have > > tended to drift higher then the 28 V it was set for under load.) > > Yes, the minimum load on the power supply would have been the quiescent > current of the LM317 (about 5 mA worst case, normally absorbed by the > feedback network) multiplied by the current gain of the transistors at low > collector currents (100 or more), or about 500 mA. > > -- Dave Tweed > ------=_NextPart_000_0173_01C2805A.41CD9800 Content-Type: image/gif; name="LM117Block.gif" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="LM117Block.gif" R0lGODlhBwJ0AYcAAPj4+MDAwKioqODg4JiYmLi4uLjAuNjQ2ICAgNDQ0KiwqODo4KCgoLCwsHh4 eJCYkIiIiOjo6AAAAHBwcJCQkICIgEBAQHB4cCgoKGBoYFBQUBgYGGhoaFhQWGBgYDg4OAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACwAAAAABwJ0AQAI/wABCBxI sKDBgwgTKlzIsKHDhxAjSpxIsaLFixgzatzIsaPHjyBDihxJsqTJkyhTqlzJsqXLlzBjypxJs6bN mzhz6tzJs6fPn0CDCh1KtKjRo0iTKl3KtKnTp1CjSp1KtarVq1izat3KtavXr2DDih1LtqzZs2jT ql3Ltq3bt3Djyp1Lt67du3hrapDAt6/fv4Al5B1MuLDBvYETAzbMuLFdxIojC3ZMuTJbxB8EaNAg oLPnzwIgIOhrubRpsogjkj7NurXW1BBXu55NO2mCAQVhP5Rdu7dvkQgsCLQgAQGAABoE9k0OQIPx BJP/Mh+o2yFvwwKM/96ecq9yC8mRK/8/Ptk5AAESAgwsfrB6w+sLoffVfjaA3+nc84f0DqD4BoHM RWeceejRx95hfKmWoEOjSXcWZH1hkIB+FHrEX3HmBRiAfQAaV+BAGNBHkHsMwYeQfYGJGBaKgAlX 4YsZXYiAAMJhoJwEFgjQ4XkHNqcigAvuNh8CRBZpJJGRHankkkwaSZxkUEYp5ZRUVmnllVhmqeWW XHaJpY5wyTiABNCNN6KHPZqH4GRCeunmm3DGKeecdNZp552AgfmWjP0RZyZ1wn2445oRNdjkkU+m eOiiTKpXVKKLwYhTg3q6xZ8FxjX4p0ANYuDioLkFyaCoCrH416djJfajpDKhJ0GlbQ3/MKFAsybg KEIC3LoQiQtpOupfG8xKlgAY/LUqqzG5Cut2vCrkq0Py8WWBsGY1+CqyOClbYbMJPdvmZaRiO5O2 FHKLkLe/gsumuDSRqx9iyzobLkPoPjgvuy+5mx9iziFQrAQhQhqYRPWaZS6+K+nL3QRaEnwvag8j nDBf8fqWAHGMMunwumgdLDFKCn+MUcFleSxySSGfXBHJEHOsskopv7yxujK3FHPND7E8lsk4e3Tz x7jNvBbPPXP0s8QuN6SzWEQXrdHRCCdNb8RMU+10R1DjK3VCAxDL14xqNX31RShWLPLWBlnbIrU7 Wz32RhQXjfZAAfybpMFuv51R3D3P/z2A3RhM0BkACXQGGQa6giW23hTxjfPc/yKeUN0mdrU44xI5 XjPaT07LUKKJW5435hVpLvPWDeLXK18YBP3V5aQLafbHW7MeEWLHZgV77O9d27ONB7maO0LyAf+V q7yDZPrLqg/0AV+uPwQvWMgn79HyKjd/I6qx9diVq2xbjxH2J2uP4vAKPUk9+eI37jvO2htK0dJV Zd2+de/XHP/oafMPlf33K5H3ZLa/AebMf08BYAAVwhftle8g8kFftxDoFAUuECENLJoDK/c5CjbF ghc0SAZ75kDEhK93EqQKCENIkBHC70R8mYBEpnc89s2Ohf2RgANFtsMnhS4ARYJV8f8O0rnh4Ch0 BUkAkYRys7mx0IX6m5y06Aah+cwKdwfRIQLUMxrocM8gK3RJE3HIQB1qUCGuCpzdEqMBDGwAYNFb j55Gk8NdEUmGQBkjGTFoRhKuzli3olGkslgs4dBRVBs6znoA4K+g6HGPIuzjC9HooIKYCkcJKQ4d D7kuC3DRUdFxJPucGEIoEnAhzwPMZjbzRlXKi5GCEVUoGbkBJN2wJo+EZAslGcUJYjI4imHOv34U gGltMpbr0o6LtOivFI5rlLqM5A4/Nk3eKPE+IhqiCFMzmr18qkDmgc6s6PiTXEYzh9OU2A5NGJGQ FU4As/IMQSBwngAk4DZ66loeoWn/kLrdMnamZB7xbCe02zHFnAIRVCl5SUAkCm8iKEIiVhDKI2di LqDZWxXD8tc9i/6PnwVRKAQ2I1HGYbR8q2LnRHanFIoKygI28pP4TsrDlHqwOTdt6ShDJ6gDpWem DH0ZBOK1O5YmJWQI0MDzMMAZgnwIPWAy4EWDqrKKUYoiRkUKUo1FEOhkyndSNSlVT5ad4LFvIV+r IUfJ4xeJjiaqHt3cWEUmGj5+YCIRVGu8/pIQ9NCzTEBNp7iiRVCC0O8gh51Kyqw1TZgGJ0SBrRlh qTpFiJxvfWuFJU055ZfI1myN2nuoQ/4mgf9gtmKt/GcAN4svtVk1rQ0ZZlhiptJz/7KWXaYyW19K OpAizpZ8iV3tXCVmN4UkIHIQOCEE5jOWmKFHsBe8LbusNTW/GOkvqrVKE+Pq2ZpdliHFjIwny0JR SEqXXXw5IUK6BpkNOCeOyXKOelF21nMSpFjQZRd/FETKltyHJWHEYTeLFpyJcDAmgOEtSALMwgH3 LADZ3WV/WRKYCcz3IwwOoYND+C+dqM9V0rowR+QTYV1u+IJZBU6Q1MZd97WYjCdeYIpD4q0B+Ksv 9BzJec8Z4wDOGCQFA3FYNbLjaPb4fj/+CMsSlV8DD9e+Azly+5LsEZ0hZzkKdnKTjfxk3lG5I/Sj HGzh1mUoS1l8X+ZIYl1L5i2buP/MpEvzRoILgOU2sMR8dDMk6aw3OWuEz5oFWJbRCmce55SEhx4J oAmXKM+5T897XPTV/JwRSRMOMbUUcZ6hXN0GRygnlhZIeMcsJEjDONEvE9hPbVIwwDoExOMtNaf/ eMGNAga+MAnyhGmFgFZaGH+mFjCqT6aYF4tEfWDc9UAu1pcvZrHQXFa20/BkrCVVUTKWTCqOiDRo gohZcmUMtqelLTdqv2mem1nqKiVi48jpFtpvJvfv2Jixetu7SKrmaxaNHWXrPlvcGh62yCZb2ZqQ bMiWTZTx1gPvPQtcZDdejqZXcnCOiFmHtypyvHFYW1Y/fCEX147GHS5vp1F6ZB//ry7FRh7plFPT 5XOG+UJszfJTl1yDMq90zv8IsFnL6+aIBrqid74QWHd74yw8+UVC/edUZsbnoRK6/ohuEabHvC94 DuAaj/42pVed6tJjLqcvmV4Ug31+Z381ZJJ7zjEF5q4yTntBacJsUrdGifn2i2PvTaR+ISpERaqS 2ckEarlb9tOuIbu5s8R1k9fXJVYXiY2xbBqvLWeVmM+85je/eR1+gKmcX+UaFTP4rJsk8iSBDL/Z MuqGm4SNpS+81EuitonLxVqxvonibd/1x7cE9SaxM8AQgOu5RBwDOd7J4Xjf+8zKBPgnsRa41ZKy kAMF+uXzPUuwb5K6I/y3a8U9//Njwv2XO5/8ht+IZviSabS4S4mtfLpQyq9O7VM8/Rb3i+kVyzfI 5H7++Pcu9qcS9JcS1rJ6CUQxrYeAL1GA+LJR+0cSDogS1xRDwwIYCDB+NzGB4pJhIoEiTEFYDHhU eqeBkxKA+eGBIoGCQBYhjZeAfPGCOsGB2KKCLTh7NdFurCODS+EqyacU8hNCNvgRIBgV/vc9A9gT QXhBQ+gRRRgVubUVTYh+3xc7U2g0FGRjmwEmmqEmlgRPAzE4CeUonlF8FSF8kOUSA9BGDcSDD3GF DWh39wOHf0ZB3jEaXwVMkUQfxfJVgoGHPVdlLtgSo7dqC5aEPLGEC0SHGfGEEP+hJuxxTAWRVDLV HJgCAJjyhwFyiM1mgkuXGCLBiNsnh+0jihchHwYmcl+FU5M4VBIQNM6RHK/yh3flakrWSu41I6Dx GRowVLsIGqHXeYkBesFYjMGIdU2hiAFkihdBQT7lh5jUQjriOxrAIbEES6OxcB9BcIvXjfqXjKQo Psy4Ms6oirCEWFrUR7KIHv2BjRk4EtzojXNCJPkWgTYRLSNYVYh4EtVzO8YxJquIIJvhRgACAIFj HH+Ig2iEizMiK4ljTxaSGPaoEHY2kTKRAJDxAZ5YNONYOuS2F9rGRUnTI+UBS+qRkCMhZI6WEoWY j2Z1fkABIW7oNB0JURR0TeD/BkSIdStb1BzkMR51o2I72BLe53oQUZMg0XoAR5P7eBIsGHwRQnww wS8kgZQzZDYCkErFsZFvY5UKMhVqs5RX55K40pSvlzTet5KQ5JXdIxUySRPKiGFmWRJ2ZyoziTls KSRPsYZ+8YPPF45YCJMwMWYQEDlSCWV5iT9OYSpkOZZVWVg3kVYsBnWJiUJLUZRcOXRViBFGhxMR 0mx3mTyVKUCNuRIVWFoWKZSlGVLScUIQSWF+gQGpyTujSWiriRIQcpsdAZjqxzolWBDFEpruE4NQ x5qC+RK8yRNKCRTJmRHaoja3giLORpdlV5xONZck0Zw4kQC21lTMuZkXQS58/8k68NSXK6Gd51Sb ZaSbNPaNQoGeFqEwhXhgIQGfuqSemQSeM2F9RGGfFaGT/RMY07mC+nmf2KljBfoSV9aGRuGfHhGP WddrViQk7Kk3JKYTDroSrTd9RZGhu5kY46c29LlLFao3B0qgJRqeeqcUHnp1KXJ4LwpeLfpEx+kS M1qVdvNrLJqgHRGPy0GMmFclbfQBmhej1rlLs/kRNxoSFzegHcqjHJF38rikC1RzZ5miheJvTkGl FaFqmdhMUionWHo1VkqdY9oQAsCQmZkTXBoTrfQXeDQ5ndGm7VOm2QmlICGCU0GnL0FwTloQfGo9 doqgZ+pLgkYVgeoSjNlRR/8KqEZ5pTCBhoe5p3iaE24HdxTaqLsklvVZqTq3HFiRqMgJb6IKUI9q pi2Rm1lRqv5Fqp66UJyqPK86EeMpdqE6qzahcYNapad6p2cqoqzqmbhaE7oarCY6XMh2nsPaEGlZ gYU6mMs6E8VacEdKU1cFmyUKf3whf3GJqNEqE9PaFzrqVHGqSyelTdgqgW1lWMaaq9+KYK6aic3m qH8qXA7UrU75rt7GZAH6rKPqrwTqZrClcI5iLcJJTZz3pkA6kKxjhhKhI8wnqgmglRpwQvgqFe2a EtuqIPRheTokfNDTPmEaJQcrZFYiIk5SSHHVrL4EsK3qsrKqbHUZTOLDIkb/Mp9fcyQHyyNZgrJL EmH82bJakbEoMaLQknc7iy3/ol4b+5ilZYyZ16YXpwEOy1n6uhNEm68KOYxr2oHhSF1OG1dcqnCM uqpXa6PESWSJUa/wU50GYTcVakFLKmRie7ZsarejSKVh2rWs4lx/wbd9lYQz6rHlmqlmC7M3WFr8 5nY0iywciolTBB2OwiFt0lmhKLiVajdsy0eIqxJZS4ErinaS0blogTFdVRzocZLakVQHlCeXW6Mk OhFs5pGkW7R4i7ZGiyuH8rlvUTgDBE9QZZDRUbhS9HavW2JvFFdpyn7vaBG8C621uxHa+rSA66jR axZSxR9vZR+qdW226jNJ/wiSD0FYakm7Q/uUHQEh5fuh11sWUmWIr0JOvaMYSXudrupM0Elm7Xun CtmnBOuryDJAx4UfA6mNCeG9scmJAluFhck6k7o3t+uu/ft7rSSbkMoqA0QqF+ttUVKa8rHAwxOW ShrBxIq+EJx2z/sWB/JW29aTN+IQIwuZHFGsA6q59ctw+4ugE5y3aQvArPKa99Q1niEsENYQIDu6 I7zALjN5rOOX7Hu+O8wSCyoBGunD1oOziXHD0zqJWoqiUPxBf0ugUQwjiide1+OqbDJZ1ZufOSzG TwEpKmIkRvRTdZdluYszx2UlTtyMaKyD7JektvnFT2EqC6dDg4MeCbBcPP/CioQ2xhUSw4FhwHzs ZvN5pimMu1BBvi3UsYLBjuy4X76UPD4KJS6pcVUUq2V7q478e138HZjkyZ0sGKB8LiZsGWvYi7ro GVi3i7fxoW4GGd7puSRME3fcE9xpXfBlyKgby4s8y+i4yuJSzM4Lb+ixvrbbxp0KzdH3X5Q0I8z8 yU5EgwEMdhqnRNAryEgBKby1RQUCy80czrVcG9Lskaicr9gcszvqtgiBARjwPAIwJm5kI/YR0J1G o9qMTkNxya160CRhKn+6RE4VUkoTz7QhzrsqzPc8wgxNEt73uEpG0bNh0b2arma70ShjN9UolMJ2 0BetscMsrSDdiJrbnib//SIiXc8XrMqZHLqCWNMVctMJ/dLgGtPO2cpqRtSsAdTvKdTw6tMjsaEq PW5nidOoWtJNoapRHXAsPdLKmtFn7NQPSnPE+9FgnR9KHRQKDZtlPcPzenpIfRpn/Z2Imx18V9dO shx2zXfbJsaGqK5rvR1x/RNpDQBaOaV3QtXLRrE3/MwrPdVBjbgIfCVMskYRF9lwgtjeVlx+3djU idle/BI01IMtvRDJmtUXFNg+MdiIUbVC4Xaeza7aLM6sgto9Qa1hiJtvTc9uHdu5XRq0zRMm8tpR 9xSj/XO019uW8dvKNy/CPSLInTlcPdG8/de/odwzyNy4Td1n3Nyaddza/90b1i177ZHdxB3dBa2Z nH2n3A1m2H0SRiWGAyEruZJQnXEr7yQQQlyG5xHf8kQr861IjsrdNCjbkhLeJ5g0641TSYN7gXYg XhSNkYJ4D56Q3+g7nuIvLpKNm3IjAk51BA4jIv3dEFEwCc4rdOQn5AQeQEI4abIuHENHgiK//RFV Iskp5OQyxR3Kmy3V1CnirTve7j0vkkhOvaYc5rjii+TcANA14+TiUZVQhEckH4CQ0rTb3p3eOjwU JE7e/VNHXYSHRh7mSH4jC+LMMg5WUJ4p3tyOAW7lO67Vbh4UW45YH2Hi0qIeAw3m/XHkjLzhZu7k ZvIhRJK6OG7etPbmp/8Ndh9ehwiOQXUu5BwzGUW+52Le52w+EAyz5N555k/OIxNySM6c48FjmKxN EbVKtXB+5QDY6Fn06Ase6Zy14npu6ZqkHeyo55we5tpL4VWumdzsEYW42NOl6M/NxawuQt7GgODT 5S0U6zzbw6C8rtHyKbkeaKsrHI7I4fCYxT19Kol+0Iv+qQeBqYCK3/y8F5J8lL6nJ/YN3/htgqWO P7X0i/Re7/aOwLJp7/o+AcIYGIDcWsTu4+mC7P2jHoJOeBWBn2xt2Ivn1YyxwVen5fOSNPaBJpwV gQpPZgxvbg7PGO0a7ii3LiOFX8GsHDrCjrCE8SdaE8WyAaDB5PRd307/BV/vVN/AC3v/CYaE0xk4 u1AlCvKfuC5VBCu2LukITxEZX4fCTXbpjhHB7vOqLueiIqLqlbrnGJ8DSDmra+tIQh/SOSuTgfIW YEj6Jluj0txUn6dcBfWI/hPeYrJSxBnFEu9lCbs8IjgSQE+s2xycsVxo4op4FPbREfZ7UTiMdFdp ekDcXfOpp8+8+vPFDtuOatuWxK8Jb39vxUg6sveQ+FU68pqC/8Jj3kj7ffZOAfT68fGR328ckygp CkAyzkjMEU4/lfnNfvVBEu3/NzUJvtvCHjURjPrkyDEgxo+Y/4qGNftM9TyfzlHlMfiYvi5AVGhn VhQQzzuqL/DSHUmb/1vUdp/5EMn55gj+nX4hbILyx9H8in/6g/0b2S/xLmO6JgH712JG4v/Cmd9H P2X+YcgmrBv7AAFA4ECCCCRoIJhQ4UKGDR0+hKjQoAQEES1exJhR40aOHT1ilEDxo8WJI01qLJnQ YIKTEQWEFHAxAYYPGiTE1IAQgIaKAEIKxLDBZsydGGz2/Cnw5cCXNnVGNLih5dSPE3tSxZpV61au Ia9yTck1a1iCEsQmfHkzI4KvZzeSdevWaly6de1u9So36d2qewk+dZuWKN+tcAlTnXtY8WLGZUWe NdwYYuQBdQVLnhoZM8e0bTd/Bt0yL2S/oRlqtgzTtEfUqyOOdh1bNv9E2GBLzwaQ+PBl3Bdb91ZY G/hw18K1/jatmzBv4g6RNzfeXLrk6Fifg1bOl/l0ibe5DwwpgeV38oqrI/YuO/vdzuUTWkj/Pfxj 9/Xjns8c3/V6u2nn/wcwQAEHJLBAAwm0b6AAbAoJg8EShJAq/Fq67jP+UjswQw035FDACAWaSL8P RwSJPtvMIu5CuhJgq0UX2eLpRRlnpJGt8GJ8MQCIEgigRho/DAC+kAAjsUiNJjypws1U/DC8yozU KoEPwsMAgSehxNIiJE1SEjMmIwwvS6yEVE1MM2kzsTARk9vSvjDPHCkADMLzDE47wUvzuDVD+xLC KVG8cyMGJcBAx0D/D8WzTuv2xK7N+v5EVKNBC40UUUdZYxS0S8tjsNISQ7JgPE/t3JSjLjEr9btO R40oSCoNZdXMVFHK9LNZp1s1VojkvBFWXY28FaNTqcuzyFx/fYhXUH1FFsxiFwV0uGCbO7bZhhIg U62EAmAWAB6tBW5akmrdTNzhqgWXoUE/SGgCo7QVaAMMjEpXNnMnu9eufHFDt16Csm2Lp52+Mssg f4t7Fr2EEVZ0xH4PHtQCzwQWWKVoD/5szoanSmBfujyW7WFwlSUUAnUrqnigjifAmM2NpwLZrZhd ExlZV8Pr9i+U2yK3ZboMelm0hVebebWaf/1P1JMHLkiCnH1mDOj7/4Y2rWjTjtZ1zgavVFeDBDao KIAEOkZAgAehbkxqmakOzerQsNYVYIc6JlQgDbidD+0l2TbJba38/gxuXekGVWm9pTMIg6mDbpvv +gT/VYANbjT8cOCG3QhwrDTHDHJkQ3Tc8r0vxit0VE0nz/PPqRQ9xZ454hxm1FV9nVUEtJbA5NYv r/3I2RmLvTHVbcfdgt1dJ/3v3xcLnrHhK8V2vrOPnw1z3xnXdHnpnj+UxfDApr456zNqvm/tqe39 zvlCDV/89EvE3tbzieM+0KTbD20AAXLiv3+t+58AAvhXOY+UbyQGPEz97sSiyUlAKATE3246NJ/4 vWZ+fEEgYRR4KP/QRRAz/plgBdEkQmKRkHbiQVsA3uRBxqTlA2aDYQxhSJD2CM2EwLsgcBg0vYOt kIWKSQuRRii7GzIvh73Zod58+MPlDIl8R/QJFD8mxZCVCWpLZCJ7nAg/IkKHirFJItqwmEUMCfEh +8pgR9J4lzBe8X1k9EgQn1jEhawxc1+kmRV9NkY4BmaLF0EjHsVix7q0cY89A2GH+qiUP2oJioSc o5kM2TI+OiSRHFokAOTIRRt6kY7og9chk/eQtFTJRy0a1ChZuElAPlKQXXnl2/RIyZ5N8oxv9Bkr HfnJhEDyU5KcJcYq2RBbOmSYEdSlBXnpmGXe5ZgQKqa/nqmQaDL/ZJrhS+YQO0mcaz4umD2s5TeJ icuWZfOWzRSIL8cVEgh+SGvoNBPoFIeRai5kfALRUY8Q8DRWmdOYroSnW7JFKSOpcH0tAx2o6CnO 05SGTD0x2E7MkkrxhMh4PsHJRP/DQyz5syGBDKhYKKpOrFySUFyzFuH+M8+I1LM70XpJRkGEIpsM xCBmy03B1KKWms4Up3fyqDUlcNGTdDNqAyoS7v4TUvu8KFv/wdEptcbRhsIURTfNqd0AFdGsYpWn W1Vllkp5ShkZFU0UIWta1bpWGhEoqmyFa1zl2tYJ1tWud8VrXidIVXv6ZSk5jUlEe5rVmabkqzYN a0fxKju9Ntax/4+FbGQlO1nKVrZAfH0pDa+qFsFuVSoz1YAAxnPYmSLKpBuaylMzNFfWOnWCEquR KVs7W7UqdT5vpW1udbvbFw1orS61mFV9StjBChCxvZRpaaHGIn5iybYKJVFCw9NOXUnXaRfZDr6s WhH4sESFQCGqcZULHpSBNZP2IVkjR5RQDFD3V7f7nnvRwtC+XswmU7rKBEKyAVHtjylEShy8JHfe BIWIqatBgAUsgFlrCWCfGsnuQ+5JYApXeDERdg457RQA0TIFRg9akFKI8uAETCAnA0jA/viHE53s j2UAgMCKAbAgnWhAf/0LrYV13BEMN2TCgcrVUQxC1L8mRS0WKP+UBRAiwKE+WGM5pSlslQKfmHDW JhLbcZYh3CAaOVhGQlLid7UqEPgwBUVGrvKSW0yfo/hEsF9x8IIxysgDa/mHp80Q2vyrrZ5ytchn xskHlPaSq/BEcWahaWiJ4uA9LzqWdsYfng+ENrbkpsabHUhP0axV9mmSzRhFtN0khiIH+2TOnq4z pBfJFn3qU0ZijAmSx0xYiabzzE9R4ZoLjdGK0BTOKDs1oVU9bC13rCY9RfZE93fmM5vsbrlhF6oz De1e2w3OZjGxtoRNbG5XmKsiOcqVczqnwlIZAEhOsK6nHdEoC9B4S+HNtrs970ViGUQVsUpPgkTQ c49GWeMhG1P/QDRwTbZIRyy6N8AfTG+GN9zhD4d4xCU+cYpX3OIXx3jGNb5xjnfc4x8HechFPnKS l9zkJ0d5ylW+cpa33OUvh3nMZT5zmtfc5jfHec51vnOe99w1C/B50KEUoCgaqgB/OgjQba0gI0P1 ALb+T0MywIGPAugkDXAASwogAaqbRIVdH8gBkK6BCDTk61zButYlkAGPRKBaaQfA1sHeSmZNVyAE CAkBEjL1hHCA7TMGUAGEXkerh6QBcQ+Q0veigKZbPYpRX0gD4kN0kzhAAoc/u0kYH60IUH4hm+eK 5Q9vAK57BAIhmTsARA8AySeW8Id3jAT0/ngHEKT1tk9K6+cD//vBO4b3tj58SDogELrpbi+3j2LY QyJ4wztE96psPkEi0ABDJaABCZi+2ByQ9YFgvQOzP4BNIHCA6Que+BBwAASUnv0EbP/pStk+7JF/ 96R0HoWsd4AGHiCQ1hfA/QpyAA7YPwBgPwd4gAiIAAKAgLKDPweAvQQQvwRYgAYwP/zTgNlLiANA vwUcCMurPYIIv9w5gNYLgO0TFf/jAAz0vV7aovD4wOfjv7xJCPtTut7DEwVgQQUgPQmoQeszv+Nr uoFYgJDQkehjiPa7gMm7vIQAPdWTAAfYvPlgidPLmyQMiQtAPgr4D8F7PnaSqPC4ANbzC7y7vwBQ gLKjwjDpQv8UIkMnWsP5KLtUCkPLCwkHTIoKgLyBaMOQMAAn9CErlAAsBBCW0MIbCQ4JwMHYMwsV mpIPRMKkaD86VIgp+T0bfDwXjKIGoEKBGMEGoL6li0Fm2z46jDYA+UDCq7r5qD3k88DWgwC6ybqQ YAC6mcUIvL0hzJ0G6ICfcMUDqMPWsz5e9AtcDIkP4EBflAAGQEYG6MU6RMYGQMYHaL0HSIsMmEZg vL0QHL/boxvRsiL7g4AG6BQIlIAOqEBvscWQeMU6pJvryzsWrMQhkYAIOD0PZMF7JAgGeEJLZMH5 oIBM3EQAAERmG4gmDJAf/A8VxEfC80cxRJFWTAoPLETiUwD/lli92yNDgcDFBGhCe/QWAoCUJlQZ ioqAifSW6+vIJyxEB7BCKGy6svPIBADJiFxCjITE6xsIk7Q/iwxEhbjIpEhCByDD7atDeGRBLWQA StxHx1hIAMBFBuRH4IPH1is7rIOU5AtF4PPEYpRKNKm6SmTFJwxLoow2gvhJs5BEraTJ2suAqJu/ hPA/dbS8ssxKJyTKhES+tQSAtpTBs3RCujTLvWg+jwzMwxtLOpwPhTRCW/NFDjC8pcSTpsS74YvK G8zBKApDqLO18TDJxWu6ShSqr2TCpLAJl3zIJ9TH0zw8v0xN4guJ6VvL0ytFs3hLywO7RmxNJ9zK 07TDi8lL/96UTVBkTaBcQoHITboBuqD0yZqkSUEMq5BIxMgEQ8k7RVCMTDxhgMrEk3hcQv9AzNN8 Qr6cPb9ovPl4GmG8mMX0lrwbyrF8PMdEIcvTgN10ymJMTXY5TMODlLdsPQLQRC8MD/gMRt6MIg2g Q/rESg880KuUTwQN0JB4PwIsRhcSCMLswINAUHsckgPtx/nYOo26POpsSqxcz3nUzq7cTvoLj4AE AA+YD7Dbiw9liQABzaV7yyiKzkz7j96s0H00KFk0zl9Mig8ND6BLyViUR6cRSYEoxPD4RwDYQSA9 UihtSIPkTcJhEB1JTecUCCJNxoSI0tfs0czMRyFFEeX0UpaFvMTwsEnahEzrtM4bPVGI8MQaJAjr awCobAg7RbvxswhPnEFojLxPpNNz3FNNbAA+BdSIKIBExQgKVIjpI6BFHVRDbYjpi1CGCIA8ndNO 9dRPBdVQFdVRJdVSNdVTRdVUVdVVZdVWddVXhdVYldVZpdVatdVbxdVc1dVd5dVe9dVfBdZgFdZh JdZiNdZjRdZkVdZuCwgAOw== ------=_NextPart_000_0173_01C2805A.41CD9800-- -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics