Thanks for the info David. After reading further it became clear that = the "set to output" was the most common response. I am a newbie and having fun learning a lot about the PIC and the 8051 = at the same time. Building two proto-types one for each controller and = the engineering team will decide later which is better for our = application. My take is it will come down to cost and maintainability. Regardless... Sure am having a lot of fun. My past life I was a Z-80 = dude but things have certainly changed!!! Thanks again for the answer and I'll have lots more stupid newbie = questions but fortunately this list seems to deal with them very = nicely!!! Cheers, Ken -----Original Message----- From: David Duffy [mailto:david@AUDIOVISUALDEVICES.COM.AU] Sent: Thursday, August 29, 2002 4:19 PM To: PICLIST@MITVMA.MIT.EDU Subject: Re: [PIC]: Unused pins At 09:33 AM 29/08/02 -0500, you wrote: >David, > >A newbie addition to this question. What should the unused pins be = "tied" >to. Ground??? Ken, As previously advised, don't tie them to anything. Leave them not = connected & set as output. This is not a "floating" pin as the PIC is driving the output to a known state. The problem is when the pin is set to *input* and left not connected. Then, external forces (the way you hold your tongue, phase of the moon, etc!) will let the pin wander into the undefined region (neither high nor low) and the PIC pin input circuitry will draw more current and possible behave in a less than predictable manner. As others have pointed out, if you have = spare port pins, you can always add pull up/down resistors to them for future expansion. I = hate having PIC pins on a board that are unused! I usually think of extra features to use them = at minimal cost or bring them out to a connector (or pads) and chuck a series resistor in there = (for driving a LED) or a pull-up resistor for adding a switch later on. A lot of the boards I design are multi-purpose. Regards... -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu