"Fossil" (Coal, Petroleum) There are those that are now challenge this commonly held and widespread belief that hydrocarbon fuels derived from surface life (now existant as 'fossils') owing to certain 'biological elements' or traces found in oil long ago. The work of one Thomas Gold comes to mind (one of his books: "The Deep Hot Biosphere" comes to mind). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/usgs.html The Origin of Methane (and oil) in the Crust of the Earth - This is a major paper, outlining the reasons why an origin from non-biological materials accounts better for the facts, than an origin from buried biomass (approximately 31 printed pages). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - from: http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/index.html The basic idea that a large amount of microbiol life exists in the pore spaces of the rocks down to depths of between 6 and 10 kilometers arose in the following way: natural petroleum almost always contains elevated levels of the chemically inert gas helium and at the same time it contains molecules that are unquestionably of biological origin. How these two different substances meet up in oil has long been a puzzle. If there exists microbial life, down to all levels that can be reached by the drill, then the biological molecules can be explained. The association with helium can then be explained adequetely if the hydrocarbons have come up from much deeper levels and thereby swept up the diffusely distributed helium that exists in the rocks. The evidence that such a deep bioshpere exists has now been strongly supported by microbiol studies in deep bore holes. Drilling deep into the crystalline granite of Sweden between 1986 and 1993 revealed substantial amounts of natural gas and oil. 80 barrels of oil were pumped up from a depth between 5.2 km and 6.7 km. Russian petroleum geologists followed this operation closely. Dr. P.N. Kropotkin reported at a meeting in Moscow that the discovery of oil deep in the Baltic Shield may be considered a decisive factor in the hundred year old debate about the biogenic or abiogenic origin of oil. This discovery was made in deep wells that were drilled in the central part of the crystalline Baltic Shield, on the initiative of T. Gold. Drilling into crystalline bedrock is now underway in Russia on a large scale. More than 300 wells have been drilled to a depth of more than 5 km and are productive, as also is the giant White Tiger field offshore Vietnam, mostly producing also from basement rock. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RF Jim "Our ability to manufacture fraud has exceeded our ability to detect it." - Al Pacino as Viktor Taransky in the movie 'Simone' ----- Original Message ----- From: "Russell McMahon" To: Sent: Tuesday, August 27, 2002 9:48 AM Subject: Re: [OT]: Gas & taxes (was Online electronics store) > > > BTW, What contries are actively employing solar power? I thought that > it > > > hadn't really caught on, and was still in a primarily developmental > stage. > > For what it's worth (not much) EVERY form of energy we use is Solar (or at > least, stellar, as some has been routed via other stars than our own). For > starters one can include of Hydro, "Fossil" (Coal, Petroleum), Nuclear, > Wind, Wave, Trees, Biomass, Geothermal. I'm sure one could make a much > longer list. > > In some cases the chain from star to you is much longer than in others. > > > RM > -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.