> For space use we are looking at using devices resistant to 300k rad for low > earth orbit, and expect the instrument lifetime to be something like 5 > years. However the radiation does get tempered by being in an aluminium case > which does some shielding. How well shielding works depends very much on particle energies. Cobalt 60 is about as bad a gamma emitter as you would normally encounter and requires 1.5cm of lead to halve the intensity whereas something like americium needs only about 0.01mm. A rather good but disturbing Radiation Safety Training Manual http://www.ehs.ucsf.edu/Manuals/RSTM/TableOfC.htm -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics