Plug them into a guitar amp and crank up the volume. Hit the toaster. Listen to the sound from the amp. Reverse polarity and hit again. If you hear "wire flapping" sounds either time, you have a connection to the element. Rock on, dude. -Bob -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu