At first glance, 1. capacitance from earth to each of the other two pins. If either side of the switch is stuck closed, I would expect greater capacitance to earth from either phase or neutral. 2. mutual inductance to nearby coil If either side of the switch is stuck, effectively a longer wire exists as either phase or neutral is joined to the element, and it should be possible to detect this greater inductance, which will have a lower resonant frequency, by using a dip oscillator. My little offering..... Regards, Kevin __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Everything you'll ever need on one web page from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts http://uk.my.yahoo.comm -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu