I don't want to be a stick in the mud ... but it sounds like you would be = well=20 served taking night classes at a local community college in basic = electronics=20 (or even try buying one of the secondhand textbooks for the courses) A textbook I have that covers those theories and AC is called "Electric Circuits" Author is "Bogart" Published by "Glencoe Publishing = Co" Not too cheap but you might score a used one.=20 http://tartanstore.sinclair.edu has it for $85 used >>> misterfugit@HOTMAIL.COM 07/11/02 04:00PM >>> Huh, that changes things a bit. How would I then obtain a lower voltage relative to ground? Also, my book doesn't cover thevin, nortons theorems or node voltages! Just basic components, resisitors in parallel/series, capacitors... Could you = suggest a book? My second post regarding operating higher-voltage loads is still begging = for an answer too ;) Thanks -- http://www.piclist.com hint: PICList Posts must start with ONE topic: [PIC]:,[SX]:,[AVR]: ->uP ONLY! [EE]:,[OT]: ->Other [BUY]:,[AD]: ->Ads