Mike, Use what ever you think it is right for you. Have you done any ECU project? That works fine Andre Abelian -----Original Message----- > > 2. use opto isolator to drive your replay never connect direct > What does this achieve? The high current side of the relay is already (hopefully) isolated from the coil. Adding a diode to prevent back EMF spikes from destroying the driver should be enough protection. I have dismantled many OEM automotive electronic modules and I've never seen a manufacturer resort to opto-isolators to drive a simple relay, even extremely inductive components such as the ignition coil and injectors don't appear to be opto-isolated within the ECU. Regards Mike -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details. -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.