> There is evidence to support the operation of TENS units. Search for "Gate > control theory". This theory also explains why acupuncture, some pain > killers, endorphins and adrenaline also have a pain numbing effect. Think > transistors.. and the gate either allows signals through or not, both > chemical and electrical stimulus can close the gate so signals either don't > pass through the nervous system to the brain, or pass at a much reduced > level. Certainly a lot of debate re TENS effectiveness - Theories of operation http://www.d-med.com/up/html/theory.html Musings http://www.veritymedical.co.uk/modes/TENS.htm Includes some clinical references Summary of findings of formal trial for use with lower back pain. Concludes it doesn't work in this application. http://www.update-software.com/ccweb/cochrane/revabstr/ab003008.htm Same people. Clinical trials for treatment of Osteo Arthritis. Concludes it does work in this application. http://www.update-software.com/ccweb/cochrane/revabstr/ab002823.htm Does TENS work ? Worth reading http://www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band37/b37-3.html RM -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.