>Just detect the water temperature, using your sensor >mounted very close to the heater and switch the heater >when temp drops below the setpoint. You will probably >get a few seconds thermal lag anyway, but if not try >and switch the heater with at least 5 seconds on, >if your period is too short you risk element failure >from the continual thermal stresses. It should regulate >within 0.1'C with no probs. I used to do this with my spa pool using a CA3059 to read the sensor and drive a Triac to control the heater. Worked extremely well. -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu