> So would this mean you could operate a series crystal w/o any load > capacitors? I know some will oscillate but it's not neccessarily > stable/reliable. You might use some capacitors to make sure the loop gain at the crystal harmonics is less than 1, and to reduce the harmonics of the signal driving the crystal. However, you don't use a "load" capacitor with a crystal operated in series mode. ******************************************************************** Olin Lathrop, embedded systems consultant in Littleton Massachusetts (978) 742-9014, olin@embedinc.com, http://www.embedinc.com -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.