> The position of the stack > pointer within the stack is completely unknown at power up It is easier to regard the pic stack as not having a stack pointer but as a chain of registers. Maybe it is even implemented that way. Consider a shelve of 8 books. You can add one at the right side, and the leftmost book will fall of the shelve and is lost forever. You can take off the rightmost and a magic copying machine duplicates the leftmost book. There are ALWAYS exactly 8 books on the shelve. The pic starts with 8 'random' books. A wise man does not return to one of these books. Wouter van Ooijen -- Van Ooijen Technische Informatica: http://www.voti.nl Jal compiler, Wisp programmer, WLoader bootloader, PICs kopen -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu