You can do it with an R-2R ladder. At 1Hz the sine wave will be a little chunky, but you could smooth it by using an op-amp that has its slew rate slowed down with a capacitor in the feedback path. If you aren't terribly fussy, a 4-bit R-2R DAC would give fairly reasonable results with just an RC filter on the output rather than the op-amp idea. It's only 1Hz after all -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu