At 04:48 PM 2/4/02 +1300, you wrote: > > 1) Average LED current > >Which should not be under-estimated. Pulsing LEDs at high >speed can cause instantaneous currents of amps - not good >for a PIC pin. Better for a more suitable device to take that >sort of punishment. Although the LEDs are receiving these >pulses, we don't (and shouldn't) see them. It's our persistence >of vision that makes them appear to have an even, average >brightness and the display as whole to move smoothly Yes, if they are run the way I recommend, the 8 source drivers will see the ENTIRE display current with a 0.125 duty cycle. The PIC port pins (say that 3 times fast!) are not capable of putting out that kind of current, they will go into "constant current" mode, at a somewhat unpredictable current well above the abs max data sheet current. Neither good (repeatable) nor reliable design. Best regards, Spehro Pefhany --"it's the network..." "The Journey is the reward" speff@interlog.com Info for manufacturers: http://www.trexon.com Embedded software/hardware/analog Info for designers: http://www.speff.com 9/11 United we Stand -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.