Hi, Jinx > I know it sounded like a bunny question, but it wasn't as clear- > cut for me. For example, diodes and transistors heat up, so > there is some resistance (resistivity). Which had me assuming > that the p-n junction is not just simply a transparent lossless > migration of ions. Sound reasonable ? It is reasonable and you indeed have heat there to loose energy. It is proportional to the diode drop voltage and current. You get close to 0.6 x 85na watts for each diode. It is not lossless but at the currents involved it will probably be negletable. Best regards, Alexandre Guimaraes -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu