Olin.L wrote: ..... 2: if the external circuit holds a PIC output in >its opposite state. You have full control and knowledge of #1. #2 is rare >because it usually means poorly designed hardware, although it could >legitimately happen for short periods of time (a few uS) after the output is >switched if the external circuit has considerable capacitance. > Yeah .... I don't think it is all that rare, or a case of poor design of hardware. More like another Microchip gotcha. How often do you hang a cap straight on a port pin for noise filtering, or drive an RC on output? Standard small values 1K and 1 nF gives a 1 usec time constant, as do 10K and 100 pF. And if you actually do want noise-filtering, then 1 usec ~ 160khz is not gonna do such a great filter job --> caught by the M.gotcha. -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics