> It always mystified me why we drive a device that converts current into > sound pressure, with a voltage waveform. I thought that too a long time ago -- until I tried it. It didn't sound as good. Then I did some measurements and found the frequency response was worse than when driven with a fixed voltage. Then the obvious finally became obvious to me as to why this is. True, the force pushing the center of the speaker cone is directly proportional to current, not voltage. However, you hear the result of the displacment of the whole speaker cone, not the force applied to it. The mechanical system has relative resonances and dead spots a various frequencies. When a resonance occurs, the speaker's impedance goes up, and the inverse happens at a dead spot. With constant current drive, when the impedance goes up, more power is delivered, thereby exaggerating these bumps in the frequency response. With a constant voltage drive, the power goes down as the impedance goes up, which compensates a bit for the bumps. Sometimes the road less traveled is less traveled for a reason. ******************************************************************** Olin Lathrop, embedded systems consultant in Littleton Massachusetts (978) 742-9014, olin@embedinc.com, http://www.embedinc.com -- http://www.piclist.com#nomail Going offline? Don't AutoReply us! email listserv@mitvma.mit.edu with SET PICList DIGEST in the body