RMS has nothing to do with zero crossings, it has to do with time. Just measure, square, and add the voltages for a second, then sqrt and divvy by the number of samples. Neither the start nor the end have anything to do with zero crossings. You can make a cuontinuous-reading RMS meter using the stream of read data back to 1 second - 1 sample time. With each new sample you get another 'second' to compute RMS from. You can water this down to as slow as you wish. For human-read meters >2Hz update is too fast afaik. Peter -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics