> In such a system is a token managing node usually employed or is each node given > an address to pass the token to when its done? I'm wondering how hard its going > to be to add new nodes later. For what it's worth, here is how I dealt with a RS-485 system where nodes needed to be hot swappable: Each node on the bus had a separate address. Node 0 was the bus master and was always present. Nodes 1-N were slaves. The master kept a list of active nodes on the bus and gave each one a chance to talk in circular fashion as fast as the bus bandwidth allowed. If a node failed to respond to three times in a row, the master crossed it off the list and the node would not receive further requests to send. Every once in a while, the master would ping one of the addresses that it currently thought was inactive. If it got a response, that node would be added to the active list. This particular system used 4 bit node addresses, so there could only be a maximum of 15 slave nodes. The master pinged an inactive address once every 100mS, and the response timeout was 3mS so only about 3% of the bandwidth was used to find newly active nodes and a new node would be discovered within 1.6 seconds. The system worked very well and nodes were indeed hot swappable. Newer versions of this system will probably use CAN because both the 15 maximum slave nodes and the 115.2K bits/second will probably become limitations as more things are asked from this bus than originally intended. ******************************************************************** Olin Lathrop, embedded systems consultant in Littleton Massachusetts (978) 742-9014, olin@embedinc.com, http://www.embedinc.com -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The list server can filter out subtopics (like ads or off topics) for you. See http://www.piclist.com/#topics