I better provide more data for my original experiment:- I used a 5V regulated supply, instead of directly using the 9V, for the relay. From experiment, I found that my relay will close when the voltage applied on the coil is 3.8V, the current flowing through the coil at that moment is 82mA. If the voltage is up to 5V, the current is 98mA. So, nothing wrong with your calculation, you just took it wrongly that I'm applying 9V directly. >Taking the original poster's 5V relay @ 80mA, the coil resistance should be >62.5 Ohm. So, if we assume the wall-wart is operating at nominal voltage >(eg >9V) and the transistor saturation voltage is negligible, the coil current >is >9V/62.5Ohm = 144mA. That's close to twice the specified coil current. _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu