>I *think* (i.e., not proven and not measured) that a >built-in zero crossover detector is what does the trick >in the X-10 wall switch module. > >This allows the bulb to start at *zero* volts on any >given sinusoid versus a possible mid-maxima point where >the peak for a nominal 120 V RMS household US system >is around 170 Volts peak ... *this* no doubt does the >trick in prolonging bulb life At 60 Hz the filament must heat up pretty fast to not mind the fact that you reach full voltage in 4 milli- seconds. Anyone know how long it takes to heat up the filament? (To where it's "warm enough")? Barry -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.