Bob, I re-ran the Bspice simulation with the following assumptions: Power supply 5 volts with 0.7Vp-p ripple Battery 4.5V modeled as a 3V source with 3 ohm series resistance Pic input in 3 different states - open, high and low With the pic output open or low, the current in the battery was essentially zero With the PIC output at 5V, the current into the battery was 29.7mA to 6mA while the power supply ripple was 5.7 to 4.3V I'm scratching my head about the constant current regulation right now. Anybody else use Bspice? -- Lawrence Lile -- http://www.piclist.com hint: PICList Posts must start with ONE topic: [PIC]:,[SX]:,[AVR]: ->uP ONLY! [EE]:,[OT]: ->Other [BUY]:,[AD]: ->Ads