> Somewhere there I think I confused averaging > this sense voltage (which is really current) > with actually averaging a voltage. It's been > too long since I did AC Machines theory... :o) Well, as long as the circuit is driven by mains AC (which is a sine wave) and you do not mangle the waveform too badly (triac pwm chopping is mangling it badly) you can rely on Vef ~= 0.707 Vpeak and Ief ~= 0.707 Ipeak. It is better to use the average rectified voltage (and a different coefficient) to reduce influence from peaks and glitches. The easiest way is to load a peak detector with a resistor and add a small resistor in series with the rectifier diode. By choosing the resistors 'right' the reduction coefficient will be 'built in'. There will also be some ripple on the output (larger cap required). This method is often used in cheap audio VU-meters (VU units are Vef of audio signals expressed on a log scale). Peter -- http://www.piclist.com#nomail Going offline? Don't AutoReply us! email listserv@mitvma.mit.edu with SET PICList DIGEST in the body