For a rocket to be stable the center of gravity must be forward of the center of the aerodynamic forces (which has a name but it escapes me). Note that luckily, as the engine burns, the tail of the rocket gets lighter and stability improves. However, this isn't always lucky: if the rocket starts off unstable and wobbles all over and then turns stable as the engine lightens who knows where it is pointing when it does go stable. Bob Ammerman RAm Systems (contract development of high performance, high function, low-level software) -- http://www.piclist.com hint: To leave the PICList mailto:piclist-unsubscribe-request@mitvma.mit.edu