This is the little I do know with regards Halogen Lamps 1. The voltage of operation is critical. 12volt Halogens are designed to operate at 11.8 volts. Anything above this voltage dramatically reduces the life of the bulb. 2. Electronic Regulators tend to be better than transformers for maintaining the voltage output. But there are poor electronic Regulators and good transformers. I should say that in the UK we now operate at the nominal European Voltage of 230 volts but our voltage continues to be held at the upper end of the voltage range i.e. 240 volts so a transformer with a 11.8 volt output with an input of 230 volts is actually running the bulbs at 12.3 volts. I would need to hunt for the graphs but trust me this significantly reduces the life of the bulb. 3. If you have to use a transformer (easier to dim) Do not put multiple bulbs on one transformer, One Transformer - One Bulb. Why? With Multiple bulbs on one transformer, when one bulb blows, the output voltage of the transformer rises, accelerating the demise of of the next weakest bulb, which causes the voltage to rise further......... 4. All incandescent lamps last longer if soft started. The main failure mode is the high inrush current causing a weakened element to fuse. Regards Chris -- http://www.piclist.com hint: The PICList is archived three different ways. See http://www.piclist.com/#archives for details.