In message <20001227205505.A1199@wzab.nasz.dom>, Wojciech Zabolotny writes >No way !!! The IO-permission mechanism in Windows uses the CPU hardware, so >it does not depend on the language (ASM vs Pascal). When the user (not "ring >0") program executes the "in" or "out" operation, an exception occures, the >kernel check wether this port is "virtualized" and either performs the >standard in/out or executes the dedicated procedure provided by the >appropriate VxD driver... >The only way to avoid this time consuming overhead is to write the device >driver, which is a piece of code which executes in the "ring 0" (like the >kernel). >This is true not only for Windows but for all "true" operating systems like >Uni*es (including Linux). However in Linux one may write the standard >program executing with root privileges, which can perform direct I/O without >loss of performance. You're talking about Windows NT, it works fine under 95, 98, and ME, considering NT is very much a minority operating system only a small percentage of user would have a problem with this. My 32 bit PIC programmer uses a driver DLL so it works with NT, otherwise I would use direct access just like the 16 bit version. -- Nigel. /--------------------------------------------------------------\ | Nigel Goodwin | Internet : nigelg@lpilsley.co.uk | | Lower Pilsley | Web Page : http://www.lpilsley.co.uk | | Chesterfield | Official site for Shin Ki and New Spirit | | England | Ju Jitsu | \--------------------------------------------------------------/ -- http://www.piclist.com hint: PICList Posts must start with ONE topic: [PIC]:,[SX]:,[AVR]: ->uP ONLY! [EE]:,[OT]: ->Other [BUY]:,[AD]: ->Ads