Well, not to my surprise, the idea of using a protoboard has been roundly trashed here. Lately I've been building prototypes using the following techniques: Wirewrap construction (with power and ground buses in 22gauge wire and bypass caps soldered straight to the pins). Point to point wiring on .1x.1 board, using component leads where possible and wirewrap wire (soldered) where needed. What do you think of these techniques? At this point I really don't want to get involved in homemade prototype PCB stuff (tho if I could afford one of those XY table/router things it would be pretty neat). Bob Ammerman RAm Systems (contract development of high performance, high function, low-level software) -- http://www.piclist.com#nomail Going offline? Don't AutoReply us! use mailto:listserv@mitvma.mit.edu?body=SET%20PICList%20DIGEST