Hi, all -- I'm using an I/O pin (GP5) on a 12C671, running on 3V, to drive a small 20 ma LED (Digikey P8037S) in series with a 1K current-limiting resistor. Drive pulses are 10 msec on, 500 msec off. No other I/O is happening during the pulses. Is the 1K resistor really necessary? It seems to work fine without it. -- Mel Evans mevans1027@aol.com