Well I guess I'll weigh in with my opinion... As far is I know the reason you want to tie off inputs to *either* Vdd or ground is to avoid excess (and unnecessary) current drain. It happens because the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor have overlapping threshold voltages. That is, there is a voltage range where *both* the NMOS and PMOS transistors are on producing a path from Vdd to ground. Of course with either a Vih or Vil applied, one or the other is firmly off. I am not aware of an oscillating condition, it seems unlikely since the inputs look to the outside world like two capacitors in parallel and to move the pin voltage you would have to have real charge coming in or going off, and we said at the start that they are open. Instead, I suspect that if both of the input diodes are similar, then the leakage current across them would tend to put an open input somewhere around Vdd/2 which is squarely in the spot that both input transistor are turned on. I think you can achieve the desired effect by making all unused pins outputs (not tri-stated) and applying either a high or a low by writing to the concerned register. What, if any difference it makes high or low is not clear to me. > > Steven Rightnar wrote: >> >> I have seen it everywhere (pull all unused output lines to 5 volts). OK what >> if you dont do this? I have one curcuit that seemed to work fine and I did >> not pull the outputs up. >> >> Thanks, >> >> Steve