Myke Predko wrote: > The addition/subtraction routines handle and produce two's complement > numbers as a matter of course. The multiplication routines should not > have any problems with negatives. Sorry, I don't follow. *Why* do the multiplication routines not have any problem with negatives? As far as I have ever been able to determine, all multiply and divide procedures require the rule: determine the sign of the result (XOR the signs of the two operands), make each operand positive, perform the operation, apply the sign to the result. -- Cheers, Paul B.