Someone has mailed me offlist to ask about something I should've mentioned in my previous post. Some video machines do seem to need syncs in order to record audio properly. Most that I've tried over the years don't, luckily. A friend of mine solved the problem by buying a cheapo video test-pattern generator. About 15UKP (approx 25 USD) as I recall. You can get these from several mail order suppliers (check the ads in a video hobbyist magazine) and possibly from Radio Shack or local equivalent (e.g. Tandy in the UK). Alternatively, with very little effort you could make a sync pulse generator with a PIC to achieve the same effect. I don't what system they use where you are but in the UK the TV system uses 625 lines at 50Hz, interlaced. This corresponds to a 625*25 = 15.625kHz line frequency = 64uS horizontal sync pulse repetition rate. I think the US uses 60 Hz * 525 lines but I could be wrong here. That would be 15.750kHz = 63.492uS. Sync pulses are normally 0.3V negative going and any video (picture) signal goes up to 1V peak which represents white. 0V = black. You won't need any picture to sync the recorder for audio. Here's a (poor) illustration of what it'd look like. ------------------------------------------- 1V. Typical peak level of picture information. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 0v || || || || || || || || -- -- -- -- -300mV I also found this in an old file: "DigiKey lists 74ACT715PC-ND as "Video Synchronous Generator NEW!" It is a 20 pin DIP and costs $17.50 each for small quantities. The surface-mount version is SC instead of the PC in the above number. You have to pay an extra $1 for the datasheet if you want one." I'm lucky, my Panasonic recorder works quite happily with no video syncs connected. Cheers. Andy. .-. / \ .-. .-. / \ / \ .-. _ .-. / \ -/-------\-------/-----\-----/---\---/-\---/---\-----/-----\-------/ \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / `-' `-' ------------------------------------------------------------------------