>> That's 0.9 to 1.5 watts. At 3 volts, current required (0.3 to 0.5 >> amps) exceeds the rated delivery of even an alkaline D cell. > Really? My AA-powered flashlight draws about .2A, and MANY applications > draw momentary power far in excess of .5A... I was, possibly incorrectly, assuming that the power was required continuously. My current capability was based on the "rated drain" column in the Panasonic Alkaline Batteries section of the Digi-Key catalog (number Q001, page 515). Size D is listed as 320 mA; all other sizes have lower rated drain figures. Lee Jones