Dear all, I only get this as a digest so many apologies if I am out of sync, with any discusions. Terry Steen many thanks for your suggestion, but I'm guilty of not making myself too clear I would require 2 possibly 3 decimal places of precision. Categorising a 16 bit number into 11/12 steps would be too course. Any help would be most appreciated, even an algorithm on how to take natural log of binary number in binary form. Cheers Andy Farrar