Regarding current flow, it's my observation that engineers use conventional current flow (+ to -) and technicians use electron current flow. I think it would be nice if engineers and techs talked the same language. I like using conventional current flow since current then "flows downhill." I teach electronics technology classes at Cuesta College (local community college) and have to think backwards, since the text and other instructors use electron current flow. I believe all semiconductor datasheets use a positive number conventional current flow INTO the pin. Thus an I/O pin (on a PIC) has a positive sink current (into the pin) and a negative souce current (out of the pin). Harold ___________________________________________________________________ Why pay more to get Web access? Try Juno for FREE -- then it's just $9.95/month if you act NOW! Get your free software today: http://dl.www.juno.com/dynoget/tagj.