FWIW, I made a PIC 12-note octave generator a few years back: http://chip.aeug.org/oct54all.asm I've since made better ones, using an adder-accumulator method and Scenix parts. This achieved the "top-octave" (C9=4186.01Hz) with negligible error. The example in the URL works reasonably well. Worst-case pitch error is 0.54%. --Crow /**/