Just complementing, Hitachi Japan documentation, top of page 33 of the following PDF file tells exactly: Interfacing to a 4-bit MPU. The HD44780U can be connected to the I/O port of a 4-bit MPU. [snip]... Note that two cycles are needed for the busy flag check as well as for the data transfer.... [snip]. http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sicd/English/Products/senyou/lcd/eHD44780U.pdf -------------------------------------------------------- Wagner Lipnharski - UST Research Inc. - Orlando, Florida Forum and microcontroller web site: http://www.ustr.net Microcontrollers Survey: http://www.ustr.net/tellme.htm