Folks . . . not to beat this one to death , but thought I would present some other ideas. If you consider modern * earthquake * resistant designs of buildings , the main goal is to keep the building from transmitting the energy throughout it's frame. The designs , allow a portion of the energy to be absorbed at points that prevent the total energy from making it to any one section. An analogy would be trying to drive a nail into a board , using a hammer that has a * limp * rubber handle . All of the componants are the same . . . . except you never get the total energy to the head of the hammer , a great deal of it is consumed in the flexing of the handle. While some buildings ( older ones ) are being braced and fitted with tie-rods, etc. most of this effort is to keep them from sliding into the street or bowing out and caving in. The point here is anything that is made too rigid , is going to have a problem with transmitting the energy ( vibration / shock ) throughout it's structure. PCB 's ( like modern buildings ) can be designed to twist , flex , and bend in the presence of destructive energy. Also , if the PCB must be made rigid ( as usual ) , the option would be to * isolate * the assembly . This can be done with mounting post that are designed to provide a rigid enough mounting , yet using a honeycomb or simular design can * isolate * the entire PCB from the majority of the vibrations. For extreme conditions . . . it is not out of the question to * suspend * the PCB using a spring at each corner of the PCB . . . . this technique eliminates almost all vibration. Springs can be designed from non-conductive materials too , if required . I'm still wading through some files to locate the flex and additive process (dispensed ) information , when found I'll post it . By-the-way . . . the flex-circuits can be made using foil too ( as seen in many flat harnesses that have substantial movement ) , one of these probably connects your floppy or hard-drive r/w head to the amp. Anyway , these flex designs can be created in double-sided / multi-layer , you name it . . . . . . the aircraft industry ( i.e. fighters / Mc Donnell Douglas ) uses flex designs to stand up to the high vibration and thermal stress problems they encounter . Regards . . . Steve __________________________________________________ PROTOBYTE INC. www.protobyte.com 14208 Zachary Dr. Liberty, MO 64068 Design and Prototyping Email: info@protobyte.com Phone: (816)-792-0235 Steve Kelley / Owner ___________________________________________________