Hello Russell. > I understood, perhaps naively, that perpetual motion devices were > officially unpatentable. Sez who I wonder? It depends on whether there is a general principle in patenting that the concept must actually *work*. If so, then PMDs would be excluded, but that would presume a duty on the part of the Patent Office to actually evaluate the feasibility of every patent, employing engineers (expensive) to do so. I was under the impression that was *not* the Patent Office's r™le and thus no official stand on PMDs. -- Cheers, Paul B.